Biochemistry 2

ECTS points:
5 (N:6)

Program:
preddiplomski

Course number:
32413/PT 252778/BT 32423/BT 32436/N

Course Description

COURSE CONTENT

Lectures: Metabolism: basic concepts, ATP as energy transporter in biological systems. Glycolysis: reactions, energy yield, mechanisms of glycolysis regulation. Fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions. Production of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate: the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; reaction mechanism and regulation. The citric acid cycle: reactions, energy yield and regulation. The glyoxylate cycle. Oxidative phosphorylation. Gluconeogenesis. Photosynthesis. Pentose phosphate pathway. Glycogen metabolism: signal transduction pathways and mechanism of reciprocal regulation of glycogen breakdown and synthesis. Fatty acid metabolism. Amino acid metabolism. Urea cycle. The control of gene expression. Biological membranes and transport. Integration of metabolic pathways

Seminars: Solving of selected problems on: bioenergetics, energy yield calculation for basic catabolic and anabolic processes, regulation of metabolic pathways.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

  • explain basic catabolic and anabolic cycles / reactions in the cell: degradation and synthesis of carbohydrates and glycogen metabolism, degradation and synthesis of fatty acids, protein and amino acids metabolism, as well as the metabolism of nitrogen
  • compare basic regulation mechanisms of metabolic pathways and reactions through enzyme activity regulation (allosteric regulation and regulation by reversible covalent modification)
  • describe the process of oxidative phosphorylation in the respiratory chain and ATP syntesis  and expalin the role of ATP in the energy transfer in the cell and the role of NADPH as reductive power
  • calculate energy outcomes / scores of catabolic and anabolic cycles under different conditions (in relation to energetic state of the cell and requirement for specific metabolites)
  • describe basic mechanisms for gene transcription regulation and explain metabolism regulation by coordinated regulation of enzyme synthesis at the level of gene transcription and postsynthetic regulation of enzyme activity in relation to energetic state of the cell and requirement for specific metabolites

To enrol in this course, the following courses must be completed:

  • General Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biology 1
  • Biochemistry 1

Literature

1. J.M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko, L. Stryer, Biokemija, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2013.

2. J.M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko, G.J. Gatto, L. Stryer, Biochemistry (eighth edition), W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, 2015.

3. D.L. Nelson, M.M. Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (third edition), Worth Publisher, New York, 2000.

4. M. Osgood, K. Ocorr, The Absolute, Ultimate Guide to Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (third edition) , Worth Publisher, New York, 2000.

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